New Jersey Endangered and Threatened Species Field Guide
Zoom+ Mitchell's satyr butterfly rests on a blade of grass. © Bill BoutonMitchell's satyr
Neonympha mitchelli michelli
Species Group: Invertebrate
Conservation Status
State: Endangered
Federal: Endangered
Identification
A small (1.5 in. wingspan) brown-ish butterfly. It is identified by the presence of a continuous series of five yellow-ringed dark “eye spots” (ocelli) on the underside of the wings.
Zoom+ Range of the Mitchell's satyr in New Jersey.
Distribution and Habitat
The Mitchell’s satyr is one of the rarest butterflies in North America. Besides, New Jersey it only occurs in Michigan and Ohio. It has only been documented at two to three locations in northern New Jersey. It has not been observed since 1988.
It occupies limestone (calcareous) wet meadows and fens that feature a dense cover of sedges and scattered shrubs.
Diet
Caterpillars feed on sedges of the genus Carex; mostly Tussock Sedge (Carex stricta), which flourish in open wetlands. It is unclear whether adults feed at all, because of their short flight period. If they do feed it would be on fermenting sap or rotting fruit.
Life Cycle
The Mitchell’s satyr only flies for a brief period that ranges from late June through mid-July. During that brief period adults mate, lay eggs, and then die. Then the cycle starts again. They generally fly during warm (80oF), overcast days. Males patrol wet meadows while looking for mates. Eggs hatch within 7 to 11 days and the caterpillars feed on sedges through late summer. In fall the larvae go into dormancy (diapause) and resume feeding the following spring. They pupate in June into adults and continue the cycle.
Zoom+ A Mitchell's satyr butterfly. © Jeffrey Pippen
Current Threats, Status, and Conservation
The habitat of the Mitchell’s satyr was historically regulated by natural events to maintain its features. Fire, grazing herbivores, and beavers have all helped keep the satyr’s habitat suitable. Over time trees and shrubs colonize these open areas and out compete the sedges that the Mitchell’s satyr relies on for survival. Loss of habitat has been the leading cause for the decline of this rare species. In 1991 the Mitchell’s satyr was listed as endangered by both the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and New Jersey. Surveys of suitable habitat have not resulted in any new sightings since 1988.
Text derived from the book, Endangered and Threatened Wildlife of New Jersey. 2003. Originally written by Jason Tesauro. Originally edited by B.E. Beans & L. Niles. Edited and updated in 2010 by Ben Wurst.
Scientific Classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Nymphalidae
Genus: Neonympha
Species: N. mitchellii
Find Related Info: Endangered, Invertebrates
